A neuron, or nerve cell, has a distinctive “tree-like” structure. It consists of a cell body, dendrites, and an axon. The cell body contains the nucleus and other essential components. Dendrites are branching extensions that receive signals from other neurons, and the axon is a long, slender projection that transmits signals away from the cell body.
Here’s a more detailed look:
Cell Body (Soma):
This is the main part of the neuron, containing the nucleus and other organelles.
Dendrites:
These are the branching structures that receive signals from other neurons. They often have small, spiny protrusions called dendritic spines that increase the surface area for receiving signals.
Axon:
This is a long, slender projection that carries signals away from the cell body. It can be quite long, sometimes even a meter or more in length.
Axon Terminals:
These are the end points of the axon, where signals are transmitted to other neurons or target cells. They contain specialized structures called synapses where neurotransmitters are released.
The overall shape of a neuron can vary depending on its function and location in the body, but this general structure is common to all neurons.