To balance a chemical equation, you need to ensure that the number of atoms of each element is the same on both sides of the equation. This is done by adjusting the coefficients (numbers in front of the chemical formulas). You cannot change the subscripts (small numbers in the formulas), as this would alter the compound.
Here’s a step-by-step guide:
Write the unbalanced chemical equation: Ensure you have the correct formulas for all reactants and products.
Count the atoms: Carefully count the number of each type of atom on both sides of the equation.
Balance the atoms: Start with an element that appears in only one molecule on each side of the equation. Adjust the coefficients to make the number of atoms equal on both sides.
Balance oxygen and hydrogen: These are often the most complex, so leave them for last.
Check your work: After adjusting coefficients, double-check to make sure the number of atoms of each element is equal on both sides.
Key points to remember:
Only coefficients can be changed: Never alter the subscripts.
Follow the law of conservation of mass: The total mass of the reactants must equal the total mass of the products.
Balancing is an iterative process: You may need to adjust coefficients multiple times to achieve a balanced equation.