(a) Weathering: This is the process where rocks are broken down into smaller particles by the action of wind, water, sunlight, and other natural forces.
(b) Erosion: This refers to the removal of topsoil by wind or water, often due to heavy rains or strong winds.
(c) Soil pollution: This describes the accumulation of waste materials in the soil, often caused by human activities, which alters the soil’s properties and features.
(d) Percolation: This is the process of water moving through the soil layers, gradually penetrating deeper into the ground.