The factor that does not lead to soil formation in nature is (d) polythene bags.
Explanation: Polythene bags are non-biodegradable plastics, meaning they cannot be broken down by natural processes and therefore do not contribute to soil formation.
Why the other options are incorrect:
The sun:
The sun’s heat contributes to weathering through processes like thermal expansion and contraction, which helps break down rocks into smaller particles, a key step in soil formation.
Water:
Water plays a crucial role in erosion, transporting weathered particles and depositing them to form new soil.
Wind:
Like water, wind can also contribute to erosion, transporting weathered particles and contributing to soil formation.