Step farming, also known as terrace farming, is common in hills primarily because it helps prevent soil erosion and allows for more effective use of steep land. By creating level platforms on slopes, it reduces the velocity of water runoff, minimizing the loss of fertile soil and nutrients. This, in turn, allows for more productive farming on land that would otherwise be unsuitable due to its steepness.
Here’s a more detailed explanation:
Soil Erosion Prevention:
Steep slopes are vulnerable to soil erosion due to the force of rainwater and wind. Step farming creates a series of level platforms, slowing down the flow of water and preventing it from carrying away soil and nutrients.
Water Conservation:
The steps also help to retain moisture, making it more available for plant growth, which is particularly important in hilly regions where rainfall may be limited.
Increased Usable Land:
By creating level platforms on slopes, step farming transforms what would otherwise be unusable land into fertile agricultural areas.
Improved Soil Quality:
The steps help to prevent the washing away of topsoil, which is rich in nutrients, allowing crops to grow more successfully.
Historical Significance:
Step farming is an ancient practice, with examples found in various mountainous regions around the world. The Inca people, for example, developed advanced terraced farming systems in the Andes.