The correct answer is (a) (i) and (ii).
Explanation:
Asexual reproduction involves only one parent and does not involve the fusion of gametes (sperm and egg). Since there’s only one parent contributing genetic material, the offspring are genetically identical to the parent, leading to high similarity among themselves.
Why other options are incorrect:
(iii) and (iv):
While some asexual reproduction might occur before sexual reproduction in certain organisms, the timing of these reproductive methods doesn’t explain the similarity of offspring. The key factor is the single parent source in asexual reproduction.
(ii) and (iv):
Although (ii) is correct, (iv) is incorrect. Asexual reproduction doesn’t necessarily occur after sexual reproduction. These are distinct reproductive strategies.