The correct answer is (c) both similarities and variations with parents.
Explanation:
During reproduction, offspring inherit characteristics from both parents, leading to both similarities (like inherited genes) and variations (due to genetic recombination and mutations).
In more detail:
Similarities:
Offspring inherit half of their chromosomes from each parent, leading to traits that are similar to both parents.
Variations:
Genetic Recombination: During sexual reproduction, the shuffling and mixing of genes during meiosis and fertilization can result in offspring with novel combinations of traits.
Mutations: Changes in the DNA sequence can create new variations that are passed on to future generations.
Natural Selection: While variations can be random, natural selection can favor some variations over others, leading to changes in populations over time.