The correct answer is (c) (i) and (ii).
Explanation:
Large number of spores:
Bread mold produces a large quantity of spores, which easily disperse into the air. When these spores land on a suitable surface like bread, they can germinate and start growing.
Availability of moisture and nutrients:
Bread provides the necessary moisture and nutrients for the mold to thrive.
Why other options are incorrect:
(iii) Presence of tubular branched hyphae:
While hyphae are important for the fungus to absorb nutrients and spread, their presence alone doesn’t explain the rapid spread. The ability to produce numerous spores is a key factor.
(iv) Formation of round shaped sporangia:
Although sporangia are where spores are produced, the formation of the sporangia itself is not the direct factor causing rapid spread. The important aspect is the large number of spores released from these sporangia.