In sexual reproduction, a gamete is a haploid (single set of chromosomes) reproductive cell involved in fertilization, while a zygote is a diploid (two sets of chromosomes) cell formed by the fusion of two gametes. Gametes ensure genetic diversity and initiate the process of fertilization, whereas the zygote represents the first stage of development for a new organism.
Gametes:
Definition:
Reproductive cells (sperm and egg in humans) carrying half the genetic material (haploid).
Role:
Participate in fertilization, ensuring genetic diversity by combining genetic material from both parents.
Formation:
Produced through meiosis, a type of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half.
Zygote:
Definition: A diploid cell (two sets of chromosomes) formed when two haploid gametes (sperm and egg) fuse during fertilization.
Role: Represents the first cell of a new organism and develops into an embryo.
Formation: Created by the fusion of the sperm and egg, restoring the full chromosome number.