The mechanism of inheritance involves genes, which are present on chromosomes and determine traits. Each individual has two forms (alleles) of a gene, either similar or dissimilar, one inherited from each parent. During gamete formation, these alleles separate, and each gamete carries only one form. These forms are then recombined during fertilization, and the two copies of the gene in the zygote influence the organism’s traits.
Here’s a more detailed breakdown:
Genes control traits:
Traits, like eye color or height, are determined by genes.
Genes are on chromosomes:
Genes are located on structures called chromosomes, which are found in the nucleus of cells.
Two forms of genes (alleles):
An individual has two copies of each gene, which can be the same (homozygous) or different (heterozygous).
Alleles separate during gamete formation:
During the formation of sperm and egg cells (gametes), the two copies of a gene separate, so each gamete carries only one form.
Alleles recombine during fertilization:
When a sperm and egg cell fuse during fertilization, the two separate forms of a gene are brought together again, resulting in a new combination of alleles.