Components of an Ecosystem:

An ecosystem is made up of two main types of components:

1. Abiotic Components (Non-living things):

• These are the physical and chemical factors of the environment.
• Examples include:
• Sunlight
• Temperature
• Water
• Air (gases like oxygen, carbon dioxide)
• Minerals (soil nutrients)

Role: They provide the basic conditions necessary for life.

2. Biotic Components (Living things):

• These include all living organisms in an ecosystem.

They are grouped into three categories:
• Producers:
• Green plants and algae that make food using sunlight (photosynthesis).
• Consumers:
• Animals that depend on other organisms for food.
• Types:
• Primary consumers (herbivores like deer)
• Secondary consumers (small carnivores like frogs)
• Tertiary consumers (top carnivores like lions)
• Decomposers:
• Bacteria and fungi that break down dead organisms and recycle nutrients back into the environment.