(a) Saturated solution: A solution that contains the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve at a given temperature and pressure, meaning no more solute can be added without it settling out as a solid; example: when you add too much sugar to hot coffee, it stops dissolving and forms a saturated solution.
(b) Pure substance: A substance composed of only one type of particle, with a definite chemical composition; examples include elements like gold or compounds like water, where all molecules are identical.
(c) Colloid: A mixture where tiny particles are suspended in a liquid, with the particles being too small to settle out but large enough to scatter light; examples include milk, fog, and mayonnaise.
(d) Suspension: A mixture where larger particles are suspended in a liquid, visible to the naked eye, and these particles can settle over time if left undisturbed; examples include muddy water, sand in water, or paint.