Define enthalpy of formation. Using Hess’s law, explain how it is used to determine the enthalpy of reaction.
Explain Charles’s law and its significance. Describe an experiment to demonstrate Charles’s law.
Explain the concept of hybridization. Describe the hybridization of carbon in methane, ethene, and ethyne.
State Hund’s rule and explain its significance in determining the electronic configuration of elements.
Define molarity and explain its importance in chemical calculations. Calculate the molarity of a solution containing 5 moles of solute in 2 liters of solution.
Describe the changes that occurred in the
composition of the Company’s army.
Differentiate between the primary and secondary structures of proteins. How does the structure affect the function of proteins?
Explain why aldehydes are generally more reactive towards nucleophiles than ketones. Describe the mechanism of nucleophilic addition reactions in aldehydes.
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