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Coordination Compounds

What is a ligand? Differentiate between unidentate and bidentate ligands, providing one example of each.

d- and f-Block Elements

Explain why transition elements form colored compounds and have variable oxidation states.

p-Block Elements

Describe the structure and hybridization of phosphorus pentachloride in the solid state.

Surface Chemistry

What is catalysis? Distinguish between homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis with examples.

Chemical Kinetics

What is the rate constant of a reaction? Describe the relationship between the rate constant and temperature, according to the Arrhenius equation.

Electrochemistry

Define the standard electrode potential. Explain its significance in predicting the spontaneity of redox reactions.

Electronic Devices

1. Explain the working of a junction diode. Describe how it acts as a rectifier.

Communication Systems

Define amplitude modulation. What are the advantages and disadvantages of amplitude modulation in communication systems?

Semiconductors

Explain the concept of intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors. What is the role of doping in extrinsic semiconductors?

Atoms

Describe Bohr’s postulates for the model of the hydrogen atom. How does this model explain the line spectrum of hydrogen?