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p-Block Elements

Write a short note on the anomalous behavior of fluorine compared to other halogens. Mention at least two reasons for this behavior.

Surface Chemistry

Explain the process of adsorption. Differentiate between physisorption and chemisorption with examples.

Chemical Kinetics

Define the rate of a chemical reaction. How does the concentration of reactants affect the rate of reaction?

Electrochemistry

• What is the Nernst equation? Explain how it is used to calculate the cell potential of an electrochemical cell at non-standard conditions.

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Thermodynamics

State the first law of thermodynamics. Derive an expression for the work done in an isothermal expansion of an ideal gas, 

, V_f and V_i are the final and initial volumes.

Gravitation

Derive the expression for gravitational potential energy of a two-body system, where M and m are masses and r is the separation between them.

Laws of Motion

State Newton’s second law of motion. Derive the expression F = ma from the definition of acceleration and force.

Kinematics

A particle is moving along a straight line with initial velocity u and constant acceleration a. Derive the equation: 

Units and Dimensions

Define the dimensional formula of a physical quantity. Use dimensional analysis to check the correctness of the equation v²=u²+2as.

Nuclear Physics

Derive Einstein’s mass-energy relation E = mc². How does this equation relate to the concept of nuclear binding energy?