State the first law of thermodynamics. Derive an expression for the work done in an isothermal expansion of an ideal gas,
, Vf and Vi are the final and initial volumes.
Derive the expression for gravitational potential energy 
of a two-body system, where M and m are masses and r is the separation between them.
State Newton’s second law of motion. Derive the expression F = ma from the definition of acceleration and force.
A particle is moving along a straight line with initial velocity u and constant acceleration a. Derive the equation:
Define the dimensional formula of a physical quantity. Use dimensional analysis to check the correctness of the equation .
Derive Einstein’s mass-energy relation E = mc2. How does this equation relate to the concept of nuclear binding energy?
Describe the nature of electromagnetic waves. Write down Maxwell’s equations and explain how they show that light is an electromagnetic wave.
Explain Young’s double-slit experiment. Derive the expression for the fringe width 
and discuss how it depends on the wavelength λ of light.
Using the mirror formula, derive the relationship:
for a concave mirror. Define each term clearly.
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