Explain the concept of lanthanoid contraction. How does it affect the properties of elements in the lanthanoid series?
Describe the preparation and properties of ozone. What are its uses and why is it considered an important molecule in the atmosphere?
Define colloids and give examples of different types of colloidal solutions. Explain the Tyndall effect in colloids.
What is the half-life of a reaction? How is the half-life of a first-order reaction related to its rate constant?
Explain the working of a galvanic cell. Describe the role of the salt bridge and how it maintains electrical neutrality.
What is Archimedes’ principle? How does it apply to determine whether an object will float or sink in a liquid?
Define stress and strain. Explain Young’s modulus and its importance in understanding material elasticity.
What is centripetal force? Derive the expression for centripetal force required to keep an object moving in a circular path.
Explain the concept of relative velocity. Solve a problem involving two trains moving in opposite directions with different speeds.