Read the following conversation. Write in two hundred words your
opinion about the issues raised in this conversation. Alok: Our Constitution guarantees equality between men and
women. Reservations in local bodies for women ensure their equal
share in power.
Neha: But it is not enough that women should be in positions of
power. It is necessary that the budget of local bodies should have
separate provision for women.
Jayesh: I don’t like this reservations business. A local body must
take care of all people in the village and that would automatically
take care of women and their interests
What were the main differences between the local governments
before 73rd amendment and after that amendment?
What are the provisions for the reservations for the socially
disadvantaged groups as per the 73rd amendment? Explain how
these provisions have changed the profile of the leadership at the
village level.
Suppose you are entrusted to evolve a local government plan of a
State, what powers would you endow to the village panchayats to
function as units of self-government? Mention any five powers and
the justification in two lines for each of them for giving those powers.
Constitution of India visualised village panchayats as units of self-
government. Think over the situation described in the following
statements and explain how do these situations strengthen or
weaken the panchayats in becoming units of self-government.
a. Government of a State has allowed a big company to establish
a huge steel plant. Many villages would be adversely affected
by the steel plant. Gram Sabha of one of the affected villages
passed a resolution that before establishing any big industries
in the region, village people must be consulted and their
grievances should be redressed.
b. The government has decided that 20 % of all its expenditure
would be done through the panchayats.
c. A village panchayat kept on demanding funds for a building for
village school, the government officials turned down their
proposal saying that funds are allocated for certain other
schemes and cannot be spent otherwise.
d. The government divided a village Dungarpur into two and made
a part of village Jamuna and Sohana. Now village Dungarpur
has ceased to exist in government’s books.
e. A village panchayat observed that water sources of their region
are depleting fast. They decided to mobilise village youth to do
some voluntary work and revive the old village ponds and wells.
Should some States be governed by special provisions?
Does this create resentment among other States? Does this help in
forging greater unity among the regions of the country?
President’s rule can be imposed in a State if the government is not
being run according to the provisions of the Constitution. State
whether any of the following conditions are a fit case for imposition
of President’s rule in the State. Give reasons.
√ two members of the State legislative assembly belonging to the
main opposition party have been killed by criminals and the
opposition is demanding dismissal of the State government.
√ Kidnapping of young children for ransom is on rise. The number
of crimes against women are increasing.
√ No political party has secured majority in the recent elections
of the State Legislative Assembly. It is feared that some MLAs
from the other parties may be lured to support a political party
in return for money.
√ Different political parties are ruling in the State and at the centre
and they are bitter opponents of each other.
√ More than 2000 people have been killed in the communal riots.
√ In the water dispute between the two States, one State
government refused to follow the decision of the Supreme Court.
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