Sodium crystallizes in a body-centered cubic structure. If the edge length of the unit cell is 4.3 Armstrong and the atomic mass of sodium is 23 g/mol, calculate the density of sodium.
Describe Werner’s theory of coordination compounds. Explain how it accounts for the structures and bonding in complex compounds, providing examples.
Explain why aniline is less basic than aliphatic amines like methylamine. How does the presence of electron-withdrawing groups on the benzene ring affect the basicity of aniline?
Explain the Kolbe reaction. Describe its mechanism and illustrate it with an example of the formation of salicylic acid.
Classify polymers based on their origin and structure, providing examples for each. Explain the differences in properties among thermoplastics, thermosetting plastics, and elastomers.
Explain the concept of enzyme specificity. How do enzymes catalyze biochemical reactions, and why is their specificity crucial for metabolic processes?
Describe the Reimer-Tiemann reaction. Write the reaction mechanism and explain its use in the synthesis of ortho-hydroxybenzaldehyde.
Define Gibbs free energy. Derive the relation between Gibbs free energy change and the equilibrium constant, and discuss how this relationship predicts the spontaneity of reactions.
Which of the following is a correct interpretation of the Cultural
and Educational Rights?
a) Only children belonging to the minority group that has opened
educational institution can study there.
b) Government schools must ensure that children of the minority
group will be introduced to their belief and culture.
c) Linguistic and religious minorities can open schools for their
children and keep it reserved for them.
d) Linguistic and religious minorities can demand that their
children must not study in any educational institution except
those managed by their own community.
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